Hammer toe is a common foot condition that can cause discomfort, difficulty wearing shoes, and, if left untreated, lasting changes to your foot structure. The good news is that with early attention and proper care, it can often be managed effectively.

What Is Hammer Toe?

Hammer toe occurs when one of the smaller toes bends abnormally at the middle joint, creating a curled or hammer-like appearance. This condition usually affects the second, third, or fourth toe and can range from flexible (still able to straighten) to rigid (permanently fixed in position).

What Causes Hammer Toe?

Several factors can contribute to the development of hammer toe:

• Ill-fitting footwear – Shoes that are too tight, narrow, or have high heels can crowd the toes and force them into a bent position.
• Muscle imbalance – When muscles in the toes are out of balance, they pull unevenly on the joints, leading to abnormal bending.
• Foot structure – Flat feet, high arches, or bunions can increase the risk of developing hammer toe.
• Injury – Trauma to a toe can damage the muscles or joints, resulting in deformity.
• Genetics and age – Some people are simply more predisposed to toe deformities, and the risk increases with age.

Symptoms to Watch For

Hammer toe often starts mild but can worsen over time. Common signs include:

• A toe that bends downward at the middle joint
• Pain or irritation when wearing shoes
• Corns or calluses forming on the top of the bent toe
• Redness, swelling, or restricted movement in the affected toe

Treatment Options

The right treatment depends on the severity of the condition. Early intervention is key.

• Non-surgical treatments: Changing to more supportive, roomy footwear, using custom orthotics, toe exercises, and padding to relieve pressure.
• Surgical treatments: In more advanced cases, surgery may be recommended to release or realign the affected joint.

Conclusion

Hammer toe may start as a minor annoyance, but without proper care it can become a painful, long-term problem. If you notice changes in your toes or experience discomfort while walking, our clinic can help. We’ll assess your condition and guide you toward the best treatment options so you can stay active and pain-free.